不同湿度条件对蓖麻营养生长的影响

从6个蓖麻品种中选取4个发芽率较高的品种,进行正交试验设计研究不同蓖麻品种在不同湿度下的生长状况。结果表明,晋蓖2号在高湿度（95％）与低湿度（65％）的条件下,均具有较好的高与地径生长。而汾蓖7号在低湿度（65％）的条件下,植株地径与高生长较好。在所试验的4个蓖麻品种中,低湿度条件有利于地径的生长。     

松纵坑切梢小蠹发生与生态因子的关系及防治技术研究

对松纵坑切梢小蠢生物学特性、发生与为害同生态因子的关系和综合防治措施进行了系统研究,结果表明：松纵坑切梢小蠹在辽阳地区1a1代,为害长达240d以上。20a生以下中幼林的被害指数几乎是35a生以上林龄的2倍;混交林的被害指数是油松纯林的2．7倍;郁闭度0．5以下林分的被害指数是0．7以上的2．5倍;南坡、林缘的被害指数分别是北坡、林内的2．4倍和2．8倍,中上层（第四轮枝层以上）被害较重;树冠南部稍被害重于北部。采取营林措施、林问饵木诱杀、聚集信息素诱杀、根部喷施200倍绿色威雷和1,5％对硫磷粉剂、磷化铝12g·m^-3饵木熏蒸等防治措施,防治效果良好。     

Patterns and factors in early-stage vegetation recovery at abandoned plantation clearcut sites in Oita, Japan: possible indicators for evaluating vegetation status

The abandonment of sites after clearcutting plantations is increasing rapidly in Japan. Although a few stand-level studies have been conducted, a broad-scale study is needed to understand the general tendency of vegetation recovery and to obtain information for the management of such extensively distributed abandoned clearcut sites. This study is a province-level study that aims to interpret the patterns and factors in early-stage vegetation recovery at abandoned plantation clearcut sites. We also discuss the potential indicators that may determine whether a certain site recovers towards evergreen broad-leaved forest consisting of Castanopsis cuspidata and Quercus glauca or towards deciduous broad-leaved forest comprising Q. serrata and Q. acutissima. A cluster analysis revealed that five types of vegetation (evergreen trees, evergreen trees–deciduous pioneer shrubs, pioneer species, deciduous trees, and deciduous shrubs) were observed from an early stage of succession. The first two vegetation types were considered to recover successfully to the target vegetation of evergreen broad-leaved forest, but the remaining three vegetation types did not show any tendency to recover to the target vegetations. According to the results of the detrended correspondence analysis, a smaller size of the abandoned site with adjacent evergreen broad-leaved forest and a longer time after clearcutting were identified as factors that enhance the invasion of evergreen tree species; these factors are also useful to predict the future successional tendency. In conjunction with these factors, the existence of regeneration sources (i.e., stumps) that allow sprouting appeared to be an important indicator for predicting the early-stage vegetation recovery.     

Are drought and wildfires turning Mediterranean cork oak forests into persistent shrublands?

In the Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean oak forests have been transformed into a mosaic landscape of four main patch-types: forests, savannas, shrublands and grasslands. We used aerial photographs over a period of 45 years (1958–2002) to quantify the persistence and rates of transitions between vegetation patch-types in southern Portugal, where cork oak is the dominant tree species. We used logistic regression to relate vegetation changes with topographical features and wildfire history. Over the 45 years, shrublands have been the most persistent patch-type (59%), and have been expanding; forests are also persistent (55%) but have been decreasing since 1985; savannas and grasslands were less persistent (33% and 15%, respectively). Shrublands persistence was significantly correlated with wildfire occurrence, particularly on southern exposures after 1995. In contrast, forest persistence decreased with wildfire occurrence, and forests were more likely to change into shrublands where wildfire had occurred after 1995.     

猪肉脯的研制

采用正交试验,研究猪肉脯的原辅料配比及烘烤工艺条件。试验结果表明,猪肉脯的原辅料配比为:白砂糖7%,食盐3%,料酒2.5%,三聚磷酸钠0.15%;烘烤工艺条件为:烘干温度为65℃,烘干时间为5h,烘烤温度为250℃,烘烤时间为3min时,产品风味品质最好。     

The impact of former agriculture on habitat conditions and distribution patterns of ancient woodland plant species in recent black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) woods in south-western Poland

Little is known about the influence of former agricultural use of soils on the forest recovery process in post-agricultural black alder (Alnus glutinosa) woods – the most fertile and the wettest forest habitats among the European temperate forest types. Thus, studies focusing on edaphic, hydrological and light conditions responsible for colonization mechanisms present in such woodlands adjoining ancient ones were undertaken in south-western Poland. In the 16 m² quadrats of the 33 transects laid out perpendicularly across the ancient-recent forest boundary, data were collected on herb layer composition, chemical soil properties, as well as illumination level. Additionally, groundwater level in the spring months was recorded in piezometers. The number and cover of true woodland herbs were higher in ancient woods, regardless of forest type. Soils in ancient woodlands reached higher levels of Al³⁺, K⁺, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available K, P, and organic C, whereas their pH was lower. The illumination level of the forest floor was greater in recent woods. Linear regression showed that recent wood age had a negative effect on pH and base cations, but positive on Fe²⁺, Ca²⁺, available P and Mg, CEC, and on C and N contents. CCA results showed that woodland age, pH, humus type, groundwater level, available Mg and K were always among those variables having the highest contribution in explaining the distribution pattern of woodland species in recent woods. Total N and available P contents were always higher in ancient woodland soils than in recent, and their content grew with time. Thus, they cannot be treated as indicators of former agricultural use of recent alder wood soils. Urtica dioica, Poa trivialis and Galium aparine, the three competitive herbs, avoided sites with a high level of groundwater, combined with poor illumination level. In order to create the best possible conditions allowing for effective forest recovery in habitats of such high fertility, it is essential to maintain a good water regime and shade in the forest floor. This in turn reduces the competitive exclusion of woodland flora by the aggressive herbs and facilitates the immigration of typical woodland herbs.     

Effects of previous forest types and site conditions on species composition and abundance of naturally regenerated trees in young <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> plantations in northern Japan

Naturally regenerated trees in young Cryptomeria japonica plantations were investigated in 141 quadrats of 10 × 50 m within a watershed of 1,000 ha, and factors affecting their composition and abundance were examined. The species composition of naturally regenerated trees was classified into four types. Dominant species were Swida controversa, Magnolia hypoleuca and Pterocarya rhoifolia in Type A1, Betula maximowicziana, M. hypoleuca, Quercus crispula and Castanea crenata in Type A2, Q. serrata and C. crenata in Type B1, and Pinus densiflora in Type B2. The results of path analysis showed significant influences of previous forest type and geology among the factors that correlated with the species composition of naturally regenerated trees; previous forest type in particular showed a higher absolute path coefficient value. Species composition types of naturally regenerated trees corresponded to the previous forest types: Types (A1 and A2) corresponded to the natural forests composed of Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai, Fagus crenata, Aesculus turbinata, etc., Type B1 corresponded to the secondary Q. crispula and Q. serrata forest, and Type B2 corresponded to the secondary P. densiflora forest, respectively. The abundance of naturally regenerated trees was strongly affected by geology; i.e., plantations on soft-sedimentary dacitic tuff contained great amounts of colonizing P. densiflora trees.     

广玉兰的生长与立地条件中的关系研究

[目的]探索适合广玉兰生长的立地条件,为其广泛栽培奠定基础。[方法]通过对广玉兰的生长情况、根系的分布情况以及所生长的土壤的含水量、容重、有机质含量、pH值、剖面情况进行调查,研究广玉兰的生长与立地条件的关系。[结果]广玉兰适合在微酸性土壤中生长,它要求土层深厚肥沃,其主要的有机质含量要高,结构要松散,通气性要好,排水性要强,不能积水。地上的枝叶生长也极其重要,它要求有充足的阳光,地上的枝叶要生长繁茂,这样才能使根部得到足够的有机物,促进根部的吸收和生长。[结论]该研究为广玉兰的广泛栽培提供了理论依据。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B_2种子液发酵条件的研究

采用单因子、双因子及正交试验,对枯草芽孢杆菌B2的培养液组成(碳源、氮源、酵母膏、pH值)及培养条件(装液量与转速)进行了研究,结果表明:以葡萄糖1%,牛肉胨0.8%,酵母膏0.5%及pH 8制成的培养液,装液量100 mL/250 mL锥形瓶,转速140 r/min,培养B236 h为最佳培养条件,在此条件下,活菌数可达2.97×1010cfu/mL,分别是D培养液和NB培养液的2.05倍和52.36倍.     

“意境的涵蕴”与现代绿色行政办公区的营造——以十堰市行政办公中心园林景观设计方案为例

意境的涵蕴不仅是传统园林的造园特征,而且也是现代景园设计追求的最高境界。意境的涵蕴基于对自然的理性思考,强调了源于自然、高于自然的重要意义,在现代园林景观的生态和艺术营建中极具启示。现代绿色行政办公区的营造,充分采用巧于立意、因地制宜、因势构景的手法,既构建出朴实、野趣的自然风韵,又唤起人们以往经历的记忆,从而获得绵延不断的景外之景、象外之旨的艺术感受。